Conditional
sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical
situations and their consequences. They are so called because the
validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of
certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or
may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one
which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains
two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis ; and the main clause expressing
the consequence, called the apodosis.
In English conditional sentences,
the condition clause (protasis) is most commonly introduced by
the conjunction if, or sometimes other conjunctions or
expressions such as unless, provided (that), providing
(that) and as long as. Certain condition
clauses can also be formulated using inversion without any
conjunction (should you fail...; were he to die...; had
they helped us... ; see also the corresponding section about
inversion in the English subjunctive article).
In english language teaching,
conditional sentences are often classified under the headings Zero Conditional,
First Conditional (or conditional I), second conditional (or conditional
II), third conditional (or conditional III)
and mixed conditional, according to the grammatical pattern followed. A
range of variations on these structures are possible.
Uses of the Conditional
- First conditional
- Nature: Open condition, what
is said in the condition is possible.
- Time: This condition refers
either to present or to future time.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
- Second
conditional
- Nature: unreal (impossible) or
improbable situations.
- Time: present; the TENSE is
past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security
system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said
by a schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
- Third conditional
- Nature: unreal
- Time: Past (so we are talking
about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that
party.(But you didn't, and I have).
Source :
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm
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Category:
Ekonomi
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